'■3 


J^arm   J%r(t/imetic 

CoPYurijin.  1900,  nv  ITf.nry  FikM) 

Contains   Nothing  About   Longitude  and  Time 

Cube  l^ootf  English  Money,  or  the  Binomial  • 

Theorem,  but  Devotes  its  Time  to  the 

Sort  of  Arithmetic  That  the  Farm 

Boy  or  Girl  Will  Use  Every 

Day    in    Actual    Life. 


A  Book  of  Real  Problems 
For  farm  Boys  and  Girls 
Price,  25  Cents  ^ 

!^i/  Tlfiss  Jessie  jf^ieid 

County  Superintendent  of  Schools.  Pace  County.  Iowa 


Published  by  Hesuy  Fielw  Seeb  Company 

Shen?.ndr-aii.  Jmva 


Z^?^^^ 


LEGAL  WEIGHTS  PER  BUSHEL   FOR    IOWA 
And  Amounts  of  Seed  Sown  per  Are 


Legal 
Weight 
per  bu. 


VARIETY 

Glover  seed ................. 

Alfalfa  seed 

Timothy  seed .....;. 

Blue  Grass  seed 

Redtop   seed 

Orchard  Grass  seed ... 

Millet 

Sorghum  (fodder  cane)  seed . . 

Kaffir  corn 

Dwarf  Essex  Rape 

Broom  corn 

Field  Peas 

Field  Beans 

Buckwheat 

Gorn,  (field)  shelled 

Gorn,  (field),  ear. 

Gorn,  (sweet),  shelled 

Popcorn,   shelled 

Popcorn,  ear 

Barley .... 

Oats    

Rye 

Wheat 

Flax 

Speltz  

Onion  sets  (tops) .    

Onion  sets  (bottoms) 

Potatoes 

Onions 

Apples 

Sweet  potatoes 

Weights  are  practically  the  same 


Amount 

sown  per 

acre 


60  lbs. 
60  " 
45  " 
14  " 
14  " 
14  " 
50  " 
50  " 
56  " 
50  " 

50  " 

60  " 

60  " 

52  •* 

56  " 

70  " 

50  " 

56  •* 

70  " 

48  " 

32  " 

56  " 

60  " 

56  " 

35  •' 

!|   30:    *^ 

l!  32  " 

60  " 

'  57  *' 

i   50  •' 

!;  50  '• 

in  all  states. 


12  lbs 

20  " 

12  •• 

25  " 

20  '• 

35  i* 

40  •• 

100  " 

40  " 

6  '• 

10  '• 

120  " 

60  " 

52  " 

8  •• 

12  " 

6  " 

90  '• 

90  " 

90  " 

90  •• 

56  " 

70  •* 
15  bu 
20  bu 
10  bu 


QA 

•    ?^^^ 

2.  2.  2.  9o 
^^HERE  is  a  great  general  demand  that  the  school  train 
/IL  for  life.  More  than  ever  before,  the  people  are  asking 
^■'^  that  our  country  schools  give  the  boys  and  girls  real, 
practical,  living  problems.  The  teacher  who  can  keep  her 
school  in  touch  with  the  great  movement  for  agricultural 
improvement;  who  can  interest  her  pupils  in  the  study  of 
corn,  stock,  soils,  and  other  problems  of  the  neighborhood  in 
which  her  schooj  is  located,  can  make  her  patrons  see  as 
they  have  nevftr  seen  before  the  real  value  of  the  school  to 
their  children/1  Such  a  teacher  can  demand  better  wages 
and  better  school  conditions.  Shp  can  make  the  school  the 
real  center  of  the  neighborhoocT^nd  an  influence  which,  is 
felt  in  every  home.  Above  all,  she  can  arouse  in  the  boy 
and  girl  a  love  for  home,  for  the  country,  and  for  the  farm. 

The  problems  should  be  introduced  as  supplementary^ 
arithmetic  work  in  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades.  Let  the 
pupils  take  the  problems  home  with  them  and  get  the  advice 
of  their  parents  in  regard  to  how  they  should  be  solved. 
Such  work  is  sure  to  bring  added  life  into  your  school  and 
new  vision  to  the  pupils.  \' 

I  wish  gratefully  to  acknowledge  the  assistance  of  the 
practical  farmers  and  others  interested  in  agriculture  who 
have  furnished  problems  for  this  book;  especially  that  of 
Superintendent  C.  F.  Garrett,  of  Sac  City,  Iowa. 

Jessie  Field, 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  Page  County,  Iowa. 


The  first  edition  of  this  little  book  was  written  by  my 
sister  for  free  distribution  among  the  schools  of  this  county. 
It  immediately  created  such  a  widespread  interest  in  practi- 
cal farm  arithmetic  and  its  value  for  the  pupils  of  the 
country  schools,  especially  the  big  boys  and  girls,  that  the 
first  edition  was  soon  exhausted,  and  calls  kept  coming  in 
from  everywhere  for  more  copies  of  the  book.  Prominent 
educators  in  other  parts  of  the  state  begged  for  copies  for 
their  own  schools.     It  seemed  to  fill  a  long-felt  want. 

As  she  did  not  care  to  undertake  the  getting  out  of  a 
new  edition,  I  helped  her  to  rewrite  and  enlarge  it,  and  will 
see  to  the  publishing  and  distribution  of  it.  I  believe  it  is 
the  best  little  book  ever  put  into  a  country  school,  and  I 
hope  that  every  boy  and  girl  in  the  country  may  have  a 
chance  to  study  it.  The  problems  are  taken  from  life,  and 
are  the  kind  that  the  farmer  and  the  farmer's  wife  will 
encounter  every  day  of  their  lives. 

Henry  Field, 
President  Henry  Field  Seed  Co.,  Shenandoah,  Iowa. 


FARM         ARITHMETIC 


Farm  Inventory  and  Problems  Connected 
Therewith. 

Every  boy  should  have  an  understanding  of  the  real 
and  personal  property  on  his  father's  farm,  and  its  value.  The 
best  way  to  teach  this  is  to  have  the  boy  make  out  an  in- 
ventory of  the  property.  This  is  what  a  merchant  does  ev- 
ery yeaV  and  it  is  a  good  plan  for  the  farmer  to  do  the  same. 

The  purpose  is  to  teach  the  boys  systematic  methods 
in  keeping  accounts.  The  pride  of  property  appeals  strongly 
to  a  boy,  and  tha  sense  of  proprietorship  is  a  strong  tie  to 
bind  a  boy  to  the  farm.  The  boy  who  says,  "  We  have,"  is 
worth  much  more  than  the  boy  who  says,  "  My  father  has." 

These  inventories  are  not  to  be  made  a  subject  for 
discussion  in  class,  and  comparisons  are  to  be  discouraged. 

Use  the  form  given  here.  Estimate  the  value  of  the 
grain,  hay,  live  stock,  etc.,  at  the  prevailing  market  prices. 
Farm  vehicles,  harness  and  farm  implements  should  be  esti- 
mated on  the  basis  of  an  annual  depreciation  of  ten  per  cent 
from  original  cost.  Figure  the  quantity  of  grain,  hay,  etc., 
according  to  the  rules  given  farther  over  in  this  book. 

Follow  up  the  farm  inventory  with  an  inventory  of  the 
common  or  public  property  of  the  school  district — that  is, 
the  school  building  and  grounds,  fences,  trees,  (at  $  1 0  each), 
furniture  and  contents  of  the  school  room,  etc. 

Have  the  pupils  figure  up  how  much  interest  each 
pupil  has  in  this  public  property.  Figure  up  the  number  of 
acres  in  the  school  district  and  find  out.  how  much  of  value 
is  added  per  acre  by  the  value  of  this  property. 


FARM         ARITHMETIC 3 

•  INVENTORY 

O  F FA  R  M 

DATE 


acres  of  land  @ .    .    .    $. 

__, head  of  horses  @ ... 

head  cows  @ .... 

head  other  cattle  @ .    . 

______head  hogs  @ 

Poultry    . 

Harness  ( sets) 

Vehicles  (specify) 

Farm  machinery  (specify) 

Hay tons  @ 

Corn bushels  (a} 

Wheat bushels  @  Jl ,    .    . 

Oats bushels  @__,: .    .    . 

Potatoes bushels  @ 

Apples bushels  @ .    .    . 

Other  farm  products 

Household  furniture,  worth 

Total,      .    . 


FARM         ARITHMETIC 


Reckoning  Farm  Crops 

The  ordinary  rule  for  fig-uring  ear  corn  in  the  crib  is 
to  count  two  bushels  to  each  five  cubic  feet.  Multiply  to- 
gether the  length,  width,  and  depth  of  the  crib  in  feet  and 
take  two-fifths  of  it,  which  will  give  you  the  number  of 
bushels. 

1.  A  crib  of  corn  is  10  feet  wide,  32  feet  long,  and 
has  an  average  of  1 0  feet  of  corn  in  it.  How  many  bushels? 

2.  A  crib  of  corn  10  feet  wide  is  made  up  of  three 
1 6-foot  sections.  Two  of  these  sections  are  full  to  the  top, 
1 0  feet  high  throughout.  The  third  1 6-foot  section  is  8  feet 
high  with  corn  at  one  end  sloping  off  to  4  feet*  at  the  other 
end.  How  much  corn  in  each  of  the  full  sections,  and  how 
much  in  this  last  one  partly  full?  How  much  corn  in  crib 
altogether? 

3.  Measure  a  crib  of  corn  at  home  and  figure  out  the 
number  of  bushels  it  contains. 

4.  A  round  slat  pen  of  corn  is  20  feet  across  and  2 
sections,  or  8  feet,  high.     How  much  corn  does  it  contain? 

5.  A  rick  of  ear  corn  piled  out  doors  is  1 0  feet  wide 
at  the  bottom,  tapering  to  a  point  in  the  middle  6  feet  high. 
It  is  50  feet  long.    How  many  bushels  in  it? 

6.  A  round  pile  of  corn  on  the  ground  is  20  feet 
across,  tapering  to  a  point  1 0  feet  high  in  the  middle.  How 
many  bushels  does  it  contain?  J 

In  estimating  bushels  of  shelled  corn  or  small  grain  in 
the  bin,  take  four-fifths  of  the  number  of  cubic  feet. 

7.  How  many  bushels  of  oats  in  a  bin  10  feet  wide, 
40  feet  long  and  8  feet  deep? 

8.  How  many  bushels  of  shelled  corn  in  a  wagon   bed 

5  feet  wide,  10  feet  long,  and  27  inches  deep? 

9.  The  common  practice  in  estimating  ear  corn  from 
the  field  is  to  count  one  bushel  for  every  inch  in  depth  of  an 
ordinary  wagon  bed  3  feet  wide  and  10  feet  long.  How 
does  this  agree  with  the  rule  providing  for  2   bushels  for 

6  feet? 

*Take  average  height  (8  feet  plus  4  feet  divided  by 
2,  equals  6  feet). 


FARM         ARITHMETIC 5 

As  potatoes  and  apples  are  always  sold  by  heaped 
measure,  the  rule  for  estimating-  them  is  3  bushels  to  each  4 
cubic  feet,  or  a  slightly  larger  bushel  than  small  grain  or 
shelled  corn,  which  is  always  sold  by  level  measure. 

10.  An  ordinary  freight  car  is  8  feet  wide  by  32  feet 
long,  and  is  generally  filled  about  4  feet  deep.  How  many 
bushels  of  apples  would  this  be? 

An  acre  of  land  is  160  square  rods.  To  find  the 
number  of  acres  in  any  field,  multiply  together  the  length 
and  the  width  in  rods  and  divide  by  160. 

11.  An  80-acre  field  has  a  strip  2  rods  wide  and  160 
rods  long  taken  off  for  road.  Besides,  there  is  a  pasture 
10  rods  wide  by  25  rods  long,  and  the  house,  orchard  and 
feed  lots  take  a  strip  20  rods  wide  by  30  rods  long.  If  all 
the  rest  of  the  80  acres  is  planted  in  corn,  how  many  acres 
of  corn  will  there  be? 

12.  If  the  corn  in  this  field  fills  3  16-foot  sections  of 
crib  10  feet  deep  and  12  feet  wide,  how  many  bushels  of 
corn  is  that  per  acre? 

13.  How  many  acres  in  a  piece  of  land  12  rods  wide 
and  80  rods  long?  » 

14.  If  this  land  is  sold  at  $100  per  acre,  what  will  it 
bring? 

15.  If  a  mistake  of  3  feet  is  made  in  measuring  the 
width  of  the  piece,  how  much  difference  would  it  make  in  the 
price  received  for  the  land? 

16.  A  piece  of  land  80  rods  long  is  50  rods  wide  at 
one  end  and  30  rods  wide  at  the  other  end.  How  many 
acres  does  it  contain? 

17.  If  this  land  is  plantfed  in  oats  and  the  crop  fills  a 
bin  1 0  feet  wide,  1 2  feet  long  and  1 2  feet  deep,  what  is 
the  yield  per  acre? 

1 8.  When  corn  is  planted  in  rows  3  feet,  8  inches  apart, 
the  custom  is  to  count  9  rows  to  an  acre  in  a  field  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  long.     Is  this  rule  correct? 

19.  In  husking  corn  in  a  field  where  the  rows  are  80 
rods  long,  4  rows  make  a  30- bushel  load.  What  is  the  yield 
per  acre? 


FARM         ARITHMETIC 


Threshing  and  Harvesting  Problems 

1.  If  a  field  of  oats  is  half  a  mile  long  and  40  rods 
wide,  how  much  should  be  paid  for  cutting  it  at  75  cents 
per  acre? 

2.  If  the  man  who  cuts  it  gets  it  done  in  4  days,  how 
much  is  he  making  per  day? 

3.  Find  the  amount  of  this  threshing  bill: 
1200  bushels  of  oats  at  2  cents  per  bushel. 

860  bushels  of  wheat  at  4  cents  per  bushel. 
2600  pounds  of  coal  at  $4  per  ton. 
4  men  and  teams  at  $3  per  day,  for  a  day  and  a  half. 
6  men  at  $1.75  per  day,  for  a  day  and  a  half. 

4.  The  field  in  which  this  1200  bushels  of  oats  were 
grown  is  120  rods  long  and  50  rods  wide.  What  was  the 
yield  per  acre? 

5.  The  wheat  field  was  86  rods  long  and  80  rods 
wide.    What  was  the  yield  per  acre? 

6.  Counting  the  cost  of  cutting  at  75  cents  per  acre, 
and  the  shocking  at  25  cents  per  acre,  what  has  been  the 
total  cost  of  harvesting  and  threshing?  What  does  this 
amount  to  in  expense  per  bushel? 

7.  If  a  self-binder  receives  proper  care,  it  will  last  12 
years.  It  is  run  each  year  on  an  average  of  5  days  of  1 0 
hours  each,  (a)  If  the  binder  cost  $120  and  simple  interest 
on  the  investment  is  allowed  at  6  per  cent,  what  is  the  cost 
of  one  hour's  work  of  the  binder?  (b)  If  by  carelessness  in 
handling  and  the  leaving  out  of  doors  when  not  in  use,  the 
life  of  the  binder  is  reduced  from  12  years  to  4  years,  (4 
years  is  the  average  life  of  the  binder),  what  is  the  cost  per 
hour  of  its  use? 

8.  A  crib  of  corn  is  weighed  in,  in  November,  as 
67,200  pounds.     How  many  bushels  would  this  be? 

9.  How  many  feet  deep  would  it  fill  a  crib  1 0  feet 
Wide  and  32  feet  long? 


FARM         ARITHMETIC 


1 0.  Allowing  that  the  shrinkage  on  ear  corn  is  3  per 
cent  a  month  of  the  original  amount  for  six  months  from 
November  on,  what  would  this  crib  of  corn  weigh  out  next 
June? 

11.  If  the  corn  can  be  sold  at  gathering  time  for  50 
cents  a  bushel,  would  it  pay  better  to  sell  it  then  or  hold  it 
till  next  June  and  sell  it  for  60  cents,  allowing  3  per  cent 
shrink  a  month  for  6  months? 

12.  A  quarter- section  farm  is  divided  up  as  follows: 
Corn  land,  80  acres;  oats,  20  acres;  hay  land,  30  acres; 
pasture,  20  acres;  orchard,  5  acres;  waste  land,  bts,  build- 
ings, etc.,  5  acres.  Draw  a  sketch  of  this  farm  as  you 
would  lay  it  out. 

13.  The  corn  grown  filled  4  16-foot  sections  of  crib  12 
feet  wide  and  10  feet  deep.  The  oats  filled  a  bin  10  feet 
wide,  1 2  feet  long,  and  1 1  feet  deep.  The  hay  filled  a  mow 
30  feet  wide,  100  feet  long,  and  15  feet  high.  The  apples 
filled  a  bin  10  feet  wide,  12  feet  long  and  7  feet  deep. 
Figuring  the  crops  at  the  present  local  prices  and  allowing  a 
fair  rent  for  the  pasture  land,  what  was  the  income  from 
the  farm  for  the  season? 

1 4.  If  corn  is  checked  3  feet,  8  inches  apart  each  way 
how  many  rows  to  the  acre? 

1 5.  With  3  stalks  to  the  hill,  how   many  stalks  to  the 


16.  If  it  takes  100  ears  to  make  a  bushel,  how  many 
bushels  to  the  acre  would  you  have,  with  one  good  ear  from 
each  stalk? 

17.  Which  is  the  best  crop,  5  stalks  to  the  hill  with 
small  ears  requiring  200  to  make  a  bushel,  or  3  stalks  to 
the  hill  bearing  good  ears  requiring  100  to  make  a  bushe 

18.  If  a  field  of  corn  is  good  enough  to  make  70  bushels 
per  acre,  but  the  squirrels  take  out  1 00  hills  to  the  acre,  in 
a  10-acre  piece,  how  many  bushels  will  be  lost  from  the 
crop? 


FARM         ARITHMETIC 


Cost  of  Growing  Farm  Crops 

In  estimating  the  cost  of  growingf  crops  in  the  follow- 
ing problems,  count  the  time  of  a  man  and  a  team  at  $3  per 
day,  or  man  alone  at  $1.50  per  day. 

1.  A  field  is  80  rods  long  and  60  rods  wide.  How 
many  acres? 

2.  How  many  days  will  it  take  to  plow  it,  allowing  2^ 
acres  a  day  as  fair  work  for  man  and  team?  What  would 
be  the  cost? 

3.  If  a  man  and  team  can  harrow  15  acres  a  day, 
how  long  will  it  take  to  harrow  it  twice?  What  will  be  the 
cost? 

4.  If  a  man  and  team  can  plant  15  acres  a  day,  how 
long  will  it  take  and  what  will  it  cost? 

5.  If  a  man  and  team  can  cultivate  7^  acres  a  day, 
how  many  days  will  it  take  to  cultivate  it  4  times,  and  what 
will  it  cost? 

6.  If  this  field  of  corn  makes  2,000  bushels,  what  is 
the  yield  per  acre?  What  will  it  cost  per  acre  to  husk  it  at 
3  cents  per  bushel? 

7.  What  is  the  total  cost  of  the  field  of  corn  in  the 
way  of  labor?  How  much  per  acre?  Allowing  rent  at  $5 
per  acre,  what  is  the  total  cost  per  acre? 

8.  What  would  this  field  of  corn  bring  at  present 
prices?    How  much  per  acre? 

9.  What  would  be  the  net  return  per  acre  after 
deducting  all  cost  in  the  way  of  labor  and  rent?  Have  any 
items  of  expense  been  omitted?    If  so,  figure  them  in. 

1 0.  What  would  be  the  cost  per  acre  of  growing  wheat, 
allowing  for  plowing  at  3  acres  per  day,  2  harrowings  at  15 
acres  per  day,  seeding  at  15  acres  per  day,  6  pecks  of  seed 
at  $1.00  per  bushel,  cutting  at  75  cents  per  acre,  shocking 
at  4  acres  a  day  to  each  man,  and  a  threshing  expense  of  7 
cents  per  bushel  on  a  yield  of  24  bushels  per  acre. 

11.  What  would  be  the  net  return  on  30  acres  on  a 
crop  of  24  bushels  of  wheat  per  acre,  after  paying  all  the 
above  expenses  and  selling  the  wheat  at  90  cents  per 
bushel  and  paying  $5  per  acre  rent? 


FARM         ARITHMETIC  9 

Comparison    of    Different    Crops.        Rotation 
of  Crops 

1.  Suppose  a  40-acre  field  planted  to  corn  for  5  years 
in  succession  produces  60  bushels  per  acre  the  first  year, 
55  the  second,  43  the  third,  33  the  fourth,  and  30  the  fifth, 
what  will  be  the  value  of  the  corn  grown  in  the  5  years, 
at  40  cents  per  bushel? 

2.  Suppose  instead  of  growing  corn  continuously  he 
had  practiced  the  following  rotation: 

First  year — 40  acres  corn,  60  bushels  per  acre,  at 
40  cents.  Second  year — 40  acres  oats,  60  bushels  per 
acre,  at  30  cents.  Third  year — 40  acres  clover,  3  tons  per 
acre,  at  $8  per  ton.  Fourth  year — 40  acres  timothy,  2 
tons  per  acre,  at  $9  per  ton.  Fifth  year — 40  acres  corn, 
70  bushels  per  acre,  at  40  cents  per  bushel. 

What  would  have  been  the  value  of  the  five  years' 
crop? 

3.  Which  of  the  two  plans  would  produce  the  most 
money  in  the  five  years?  How  much  more?  Which  would 
leave  the  land  in  the  best  condition  at  the  end  of  five  years? 
Are  there  any  other  advantages  to  either  plan. 

4.  The  average  good  stand  of  corn  is  about  12,000 
stalks  per  acre.  If  by  careful  selection  of  seed  corn  each 
stalk  can  be  made  to  bear  an  average  of  one  ounce  more  of 
corn,  what  will  be  the  increase  in  yield  per  acre?  What 
will  be  the  increase  in  cash  return  on  70  acres,  if  the  corn 
is  40  cents  per  bushel? 

5.  Eight  pounds  of  seed  corn  will  plant  an  acre.  How 
many  bushels  would  it  take  to  plant  70  acres? 

6.  If  a  man  put  in  a  day  on  the  selection  of  each 
bushel  of  corn,  what  would  be  the  cost  of  selecting  seed  for 
70  acres,  counting  his  time  at  $2  per  day?  How  much  per 
acre? 

7.  If  by  such  selection  he  can  increase  the  yield  of  his 
corn  5  bushels  per  acre,  and  corn  is  worth  40  cents  per 
bushel,  what  will  be  the  increase  in  value  on  70  acres  of 
corn?    How  much  per  acre? 


10  FARM         ARITHMETIC 


Dairy  Problems 

In   working  out  these  problems,  have  the  pupils   get 
prices  on  feed  by  inquiring  of  the  local  dealers.     It  might  be  j 

well,  too,  to  keep  the  market  quotations  on  feed  and  farm 
crops  posted  on  the  blackboard  and  changed  weekly.  If 
possible    demonstrate   the    use  of  the  Babcock  milk  tester.  ; 

Have   pupils  actually   test  milk.     A  Babcock  tester  can    be         / 
secured  complete  for  $5.00.  ( 

1.  A  good  ration  for  a  dairy  cow  is  10  bushels  of  corn 
and  10    bushels   of   oats   ground   together,  and  one  ton   of        / 
clover  hay.    This   amount   should  feed  a  cow   for  75    days.        ' 
At  present  prices,  what  will  be  the  cost  of  supplying  this  ra- 
tion for  225  days  and  pasturing  the  cow  the  balance  of  the 
year  at  $1.50  per  month? 

2.  Allowing  that  the  labor  cost  is  50  cents  per  week 
per  cow,  what  is  the  total  cost  of  the  cow's  keep  for  a  year? 
What  is  the  cost  per  month?     Per  week? 

3.  If  butter  fat  is  worth  25  cents  per  pound,  how 
many  pounds  must  each  cow  produce  per  year  to  balance 
the  expense  of  her  keep?   How  much  per  month?  Per  week? 

4.  A  cow  gives  3^  gallons  of  milk  per  day  (weight 
8  5-8  pounds  per  gallon.)  If  the  milk  tests  4.8  per  cent, 
how  much  butter  fat  does  she  yield  per  week?    Per  month? 

5.  If  the  milk  tests  2.8  butter  fat,  what  is  the  yield 
per  week?    per  month? 

6.  Of  two  cows,  one  gives  3  gallons  of  milk  per  day, 
testing  2.8  per  cent  butter  fat,  the  other  gives  2  gallons  per 
day,  testing  4.8  per  cent  butter  fat.  Which  cow  is  the  most 
profitable?    How  much  more  per  month? 

7.  Allowing  that  the  labor  cost  is  about  the  same 
under  each  method,  which  would  pay  best,  to  sell  milk  at  5 
cents  per  quart  or  butter  fat  at  25  cents  per  pound,  if  the 
milk  tests  4  per  cent? 

8.  If  you  allow  that  after  taking  out  the  butter  fat  the 
sweet  skim  milk  is  worth  5  cents  a  gallon  to  feed  to  pigs 
which  plan  will  pay  best? 


FARM 


ARITHMETIC 


11 


ST  "^  '—'X3  •— '  "^ 


^^ 


«-^  3-=- 

_3  _       =r 
cro 

(0    CD 


CD 


P)  (fl 


p> 


jio  o 
•a  ?°S. 


3    CD 


B  to 
•^  to 
p  en 

2  P" 
<  v: 


=^-       3 


3- 


3- 

3 

3" 
CD 

CD 

-^fU 

O 

o 

< 
CD 

o 

"^ 

en 

P) 

c-i- 

CD 

oq 

P> 

CD 

o 

o 

-^» 

3- 

P) 

CD 
CD 

o 

o 

C 
CD 

•o 

O  T)  -O 

o 

O 

•^ 

3   fu   T 

-^  tn  o 

3" 

M> 

?r 

O 
O 

P> 

blem 
ture 
each 

CD 
CD 
"9. 

3 

No.  1 
cow? 

OP 

o 

? 

CD 
Pl 
O 

3" 
CD 

CD 

«<5 

CD 
P> 

3" 
O 

CD 

"2"a 

CD    ^ 

O 

w' 

-«    CD 
3    CD 

ro 

(fl 

(/> 

itx- 

9-^ 

o 

CD 

3 

pj  o 

O 

cn 

=•  fS 

O 

o 

n 

'n 


tods 

ssag 

00 

o 

3.5= 

en 
o 

3.5= 

S 
p 
>< 

CM    cn 

cn 

3? 

*■    cn 

en 

3.5= 

c_ 
c 

3 
CD 

CM     ^ 

cn 
o 

3? 

^1 

CM 

o 

3.5= 

-in 

c 

crt- 
CD 

o 
o 

3  5= 
::^<n 

C3^ 
O 

3.5= 

> 

c 

CD 

cn 
o 

1? 

trf- 

>^    <n 

CD 
O 

3.5= 

^cn 

to 

CD 
ct- 

CM     ^ 

C35 

•si 

o 

3.5= 
S=-"> 

>*^    cn 

cn 

00 

o 

3  5= 

:::  cn 

o 
8- 

CM    <n 

cn 
o 

3.5= 

:i.  en 

CD 

cn 
en 
o 

3.5= 
S=J" 

o 
< 

ct- 

CD 

to    w 

cn 

CM 

o 

3.5= 

CM     i 
00     '^ 

o 

3.5= 

D 

CD 
P 

00     "^ 

<3J 

o 
o 

|5= 

CM     S 

en 
ro 
o 

|5= 

<-• 
P> 

00     ^ 

en 
o 
o 

3.5= 
S=i" 

CM     S 

en 
o 

3.5= 

CD 

cr 

s 

3. 


12  FARM         ARITHMETIC 


Poultry 

1.  A  flock  of  100  hens  average  85  eggs  a  year  each. 
If  the  average  price  of  eggs  for  the  year  is  16  cents  per 
dozen,  what  is  the  value  of  these  eggs? 

2.  Suppose  it  takes  12  bushels  of  corn  at  45  cents, 
5  bushels  of  oats  at  25  cents,  and  $7  worth  of  other  feed, 
to  keep  this  flock  for  one  year,  what  is  the  profit  over  and 
above  the  cost  of  the  feed? 

3.  Some  flocks  of  hens  have  a  record  of  as  high  as 
200  eggs  each  in  a  year.  What  would  be  the  cash  return 
from  this  flock  of  100  hens  if  they  did  as  well?  What 
would  be  the  net  return  over  the  cost  of  feed? 

4.  At  present  local  prices,  what  would  be  the  amount 
received  for  34  hens  weighing  7J  pounds  each?  How 
much  would  this  be  for  each  hen? 

5.  At  present  local  prices,  what  would  be  received  for 
34  hens  weighing  4i  pounds  each,  if  the  dealer  docked  them 
1  cent  per  pound  from  the  regular  prices  because  they  were 
small  and  thin? 

6.  Have  the  pupils  get  figures  on  actual  sales  of  poul- 
try and  figure  the  returns.  Have  each  pupil  bring  several 
such  records,  if  possible. 


FARM         ARITHMETIC  13 

Birds,  Weeds,  and  Insects,  and  Their  Relation 
'  to   Field   Crops 

1.  How  many  acres  in  a  section?  How  many  sections 
in  a  township?  How  many  townships  in  your  county?  How 
many  acres  in  the  county? 

2.  The  damage  done  by  insects  in  Iowa  averages  58 
cents  per  acre.  What  would  this  amount  to  for  your  county? 
For  the  farm  you  live  on? 

3.  Wild  birds  average  about  450  to  the  quarter  sec- 
tion. How  many  would  this  be  for  the  county?  For  your 
farm? 

4.  Allowing  that  each  bird  eats  50  insects  per  day,  (a 
low  estimate),  how  many  insects  would  the  birds  of  the 
county  destroy  in  the  five  summer  months?  How  many  on 
your  farm? 

5.  Estimating  100,000  insects  to  the  bushel,  how 
many  bushels  would  this  be?     How  many  bushels  per  day? 

6.  The  birds  that  stay  all  winter  eat  principally  weed 
seed.  Allowing  one  bird  to  the  acre  and  J  ounce  of  weed 
seed  per  day  for  each  bird,  how  many  tons  of  weed  seed 
would  the  birds  eat  in  three  months  in  the  whole  county? 
How  many  pounds  on  your  farm? 

T,  One  plant  of  plantain  bears  about  14,000  seeds, 
weighing  about  one  ounce.  Forty  of  these  seeds  will  easily 
seed  a  square  yard  of  ground.  Suppose  all  the  seeds  were 
allowed  to  live,  how  many  square  yards  of  ground  would  one 
plant  seed?  What  harm  do  plantain  and  such  weeds  do? 
How  can  we  keep  them  from  spreading  and  crowding  out 
the  crops? 

8.  500  small  grasshoppers  will  eat  a  pound  of  grow- 
ing crops  in  a  day.  Almost  all  birds  are  fond  of  grass- 
hoppers for  food.  A  cuckoo  or  a  meadow  lark  will  eat  250 
a  day.  How  many  birds  will  it  take  at  this  rate  to  save  a 
ton  of  small  grain  or  grass  in  ten  days? 

9.  As  destroyers  of  potato  beetles  and  other  harmful 
insects,  a  single  pair  of  quails  is  said  to  be  worth  $5.  If 
this  pair  produces  a  brood  of  16  young  quails,  what  is  the 
value  of  the  work  done  by  the  entire  covey  next  year? 


14 


FARM 


ARITHMETIC 


Scale   Tickets 

1.  A  farmer  sold  6  loads  of  ear  corn  (70  pounds  to 
the  bushel)  at  5 1  cents  per  bushel.  Fill  out  the  scale  ticket, 
and  find  how  much  money  he  should  get  for  each  load  and 
how  much  for  the  total. 


Gross 

Weight 

Net 

Net 

Amount 

weight 

wagon 

weight 

weight 

at  51c. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

bushels 

$ 

3480 

1310  i 

3405 

1260 

3200 

1190 

3394     1285 

3382 

1220 

3476 

1276 

Totals,    .   .  I  ! 

Note  that  this  kind  of  work  is  easily  proved.  The 
total  of  the  net  weights  of  the  different  loads  should  equal 
the  difference  between  the  total  of  the  gross  weights  less 
the  total'of  the  wagon  weights.  Also,  the  total  of  the  values 
of  the  different  loads  should  equal  the  result  of  figuring  the 
total  net  weight  at  the  given  price. 

2.  Make  out  a  scale  ticket  and  find  the  amount 
received  for  five  loads  of  hogs  at  $5.25  per  100  pounds. 
Gross  weights:  2974,  3025,  2889,  2986,  3116.  Wagon 
weights:     1210.  1190.  1275,  1280.  1312. 

3.  Make  out  a  scale  ticket  and  find  the  amount 
received  for  five  loads  of  oats  sold  at  42  cents  per  bushel. 
Gross  weights;  2900,  2842,  2736,  2937,  2854.  Wagon 
weights:     1187,  1264,  1235,  1210,  1224. 

4.  Make  out  a  scale  ticket  and  find  the  amount 
received  for  four  loads  of  shelled  corn  sold  at  52  cents  per 
bushel.  Gross  weights;  3664,  3580,  3376,  3610.  Wagon 
weights;     1200,1224,1185,1240. 

5.  Make  out  a  scale  ticket  and  find  the  amount 
received  for  ten  loads  of  potatoes  sold  at  60  cents  per 
bushel.  Gross  weights;  3168,3040,  3276,  3100,  3000, 
2940.2865,2986,3012,2730.  Wagon  weights;  1262, 
1214,  1200,  1262,  1214,  1200,  1262,  1214,  1200,  1262. 


FARM         ARITHMETIC  15 


6.  Find  the  value  of  five  loads  of  hay  sold  at  $6.25 
per  ton.  Gross  weights;  3180,3575.3464.3490,3388. 
Wagon  weights;     1175.  1190.  1240,  1245,  1260. 

7.  The  milk  weights  for  a  week  run  as  follows,  by 
days:  475,  460,  450,  455,  470,  480,  485.  In  each  case 
the  weight  of  5  cans  at  15  pounds  each  should  be  deducted 
from  these  gross  weights.  If  the  milk  tests  4  per  cent  butter 
fat  and  the  price  of  butter  fat  is  25  cents  per  pound,  what 
will  be  the  check  for  the  week?  What  will  be  the  return  if 
the  test  is  3.3  per  cent? 

8.  The  weights  of  cream  shipped  each  day  run  as 
follows:  64,  63,  67,  70,  72,  71,  70.  Deduct  15  pounds 
for  weight  of  can  and  figure  returns  on  a  price  of  25  cents 
for  butter  fat,  if  cream  tests  40  per  cent.  Figure  net 
returns  after  deducting  an  express  charge  of  40  cents  per 
100  pounds  on  the  gross  weight  shipped  and  5  cents  each 
for  the  return  of  the  empty  cans. 

9.  The  weights  of  ten  bags  of  clover  seed  run  as 
follows:  164.  163,  164,  160,  162,  159,  150,  155.  154, 
156.  Allowing  one  pound  each  for  the  weight  of  the  bags, 
how  much  clover  seed  is  there,  and  what  is  it  worth  at  $7 
per  bushel? 

10.  The  weights  of  eight  bags  of  timothy  seed  run  as 
follows:  107,109,105,106,101,111,107,107.  Allow- 
ing one  pound  each  for  the  weight  of  the  sacks,  how  much 
timothy  seed  is  there,  and  what  is  it  worth  at  $1.75  per 
bushel? 


16  FARM        ARITHMETIC 


Farm   Buildings 

In  figuring  lumber,  the  unit  is  the  "board  foot,"  which 
is  a  square  foot  an  inch  thick,  or  144  cubic  inches.  Thus,  a 
board  1  inch  thick,  12  inches  wide,  and  10  feet  long, 
(written  1x12 — 10),  contains  10  board  feet,  as  it  is  equal  to 
10  square  feet  one  inch  thick.  If  it  was  a  2x12 — 10,  it 
would  contain  twice  as  many  board  feet,  or  20.  A  board 
2x6 — 10  would  have  5  square  feet  of  surface,  but  would 
contain  1 0  board  feet,  as  it  is  double  thickness.  Hence  the 
rule;  "Multiply  the  width  and  length  of  the  board  in  feet 
by  the  thickness  in  inches.  The  result  will  be  the  board  feet." 

1.  Find  the  number  of  board  feet  and  the  price  of 
each  item  in  this  bill  and  the  total  board  feet  and  cost  of  the 
whole  bill: 

46  pieces  2x6—10  @  $2.70  per  100  feet. 

42      "      2x4—12  @    2.70    " 

200      "       1x4—16  @    2.50    " 

90      "       1x8—12  @    2.40    " 

30      "    1x12—12  @    2.90    " 

2.  A  corn  crib  12  feet  wide,  16  feet  long,  10  feet  high 
on  the  low  side  and  1 4  feet  high  on  the  high  side,  is  built  as 
follows:  Framed  with  2x6  studding  2  feet  apart  on  ends 
and  sides.  Joists  under  floor,  2x8,  set  2  feet  apart.  Roof 
rafters,  2x4,  set  2  feet  apart,  with  3  1x4  strips  lengthwise 
to  hold  the  roof  boards.  Roof  and  floor  of  1x8  boards,  set 
close  together.  Sides  and  ends  of  1x4  boards,  with  2-inch 
open  space  between.  Make  out  the  bill  of  this  lumber,  and 
figure  the  cost  of  it  at  $3  per  100.  Also,  make  drawings 
showing  the  construction  of  this  crib.  This  will  be  a  help  in 
figuring  the  lumber.  Make  the  drawings  on  the  scale  of 
J-inch  to  the  foot. 

3.  How  much  corn  would  this  crib  hold?  Allowing 
$10  for  labor  and  nails,  in  addition  to  the  cost  of  the  lumber, 
what  would  it  cost  per  bushel  of  capacity? 

4.  What  would  be  the  cost  per  rod  of  a  board  fence 
made  of  boards  1x6 — 12,  4  boards  high,  figuring  the  lumber 
at  $3  per  100  feet,  and  1  post  every  6  feet,  at  18  cents 
each? 


FARM     -ARITHMETIC  17 


5.  Measure  a  corn  crib  at  home,  make  a  list  of  the 
lumber,  and  figure  the  cost  of  it  at  $3  per  100.  Also,  make 
a  drawing  of  the  front  of  it  and  of  a  cross  section  of  the 
end,  drawn  on  a  scale  of  J-inch  to  the  foot, 

A  roll  of  wall  paper  is  48  feet  long  by  18  inches  wide. 
It  contains  72  square  feet,  or  8  square  yards.  Therefore,  to 
find  the  amount  of  wall  paper  required  for  a  room,  find  the 
area  of  the  walls  in  square  feet  and  divide  by  72;  or,  find 
the  area  in  square  yards  and  divide  by  8.  It  is  generally 
well  to  allow  10  per  cent  additional  paper  to  cover  loss  in 
cutting  and  matching. 


In  painting,  allow  one  gallon  of  paint  for  every  250 
square  feet  of  surface  to  be  painted. 

1.  A  room  is  12  feet  wide,  15  feet  long,  and  9  feet 
high.  It  has  two  windows  and  one  door,  each  about  3  feet 
by  6  feet.  How  many  rolls  of  paper  will  be  required  to 
paper  the  walls?  How  much  for  the  ceiling?  How  many 
yards  of  border?  If  the  paper  costs  20  cents  a  roll  and  the 
border  3  cents  a  yard,  and  the  paper  hanger  charges  25 
cents  a  roll  for  hanging  the  paper  and  3  cents  a  yard 
for  the  border,  what  will  be  the  total  cost? 

2.  Measure  the  school  room  you  are  in  and  find  out 
what  it  would  cost  to  paper  it,  allowing  that  the  paper  would 
cost  15  cents  per  roll  and  the  work  of  hanging  it  20  cents 
per  roll?    How  much  for  the  paper  alone? 

3.  How  much  would  it  cost  to  paint  the  outside  of  the 
school  house,  if  the  paint  cost  $1.65  per  gallon?  What 
would  the  painter  charge  for  putting  it  on,  at  5  cents  per 
square  yard? 

4.  How  much  would  it  cost  to  paint  the  roof  of  the 
school  house,  if  the  roof  paint  cost  90  cents  per  gallon  and 
the  work  of  putting  it  on  on  3  cents  per  square  yard. 

5.  The  material  for  a  cement  walk  costs  about  7  cents 
a  square  foot,  and  the  labor  about  5  cents  per  square  foot. 
How  much  would  it  cost  to  put  a  cement  walk  5  feet  wide 
from  the  front  door  of  your  school  house  to  the  road? 


18  FARM         ARITHMETIC 


Farm   Sales 

1.  An  auctioneer  gets  for  his  pay  one  per  cent  of  the 
total  received.  If  a  sale  amounts  to  $3,457.50,  what  does 
he  receive? 

2.  Some  auctioneers  get  $10  and  one  per  cent  of  the 
total  of  the  sale.    What  would  this  amount  to  on  above  sale? 

3.  The  terms  of  sale  are:  Sums  under  $10,  cash. 
Amounts  over  that,  one  year's  time  at  6  per  cent  interest, 
or  2  per  cent  off  for  cash.  A  man  buys  a  horse  for  $150. 
What  will  he  have  to  pay  for  it  at  the  end  of  the  year's 
time,  including  the  interest?     How  much  if  he  pays  cash? 

4  If  the  terms  are,  one  year's  time  without  interest  or 
8  per  ceni  off  for  cash,  what  will  he  have  to  pay  at  the  end 
of  the  year?    What  if  he  pays  cash? 

5.  If  the  terms  are,  sums  under  $10  cash,  over  that 
amount  8  per  cent  discount,  will  it  pay  better  to  bid  $9.50 
and  pay  the  net  cash,  or  $10.25  and  get  the  discount? 

6.  Ear  corn  at  a  sale  is  usually  sold  and  measured  off 
at  4,300  cubic  inches  to  the  bushel.  How  does  this  agree 
with  the  common  rule  of  2  bushels  to  each  5  cubic  feet? 

7.  A  crib  of  corn  10  feet  by  12  feet  by  32  feet  is  sold 
at  4,300  cubic  inches  to  the  bushel  at  51  cents  per  bushel. 
What  does  it  come  to?  If  the  terms  are  8  per  cent  discount 
for  cash,  what  will  be  the  net  cost?  What  will  be  the  net 
cost  per  bushel? 

8.  Have  the  pupils  get  the  figures  on  some  actual 
transactions  at  farm  sales  and  figure  up  the  discount  and 
the  interest  charges  according  to  the  terms  of  the  sale. 


FARM        ARITHMETIC  19 


Farm  Labor  and  Its  Payment 

In  counting  up  time,  count  26   working   days   to   a 
month,  10  hours  to  a  day,  and  6  days  to  a  week. 

1.  If  a  man  is  getting  $30  a  month,  how  much  is  that 
a  day?    How  much  a  week?    How  much  an  hour? 

2.  Which  is  the  bigger  pay — $10  a  week,  or  $40  a 
month? 

3.  A  man  works  from  March  1  to  June  20,  losing  four 
days  in  that  time.  What  would  his  wages  amount  to  at  $30 
per  month?  (The  number  of  working  days  can  be  counted 
on  a  calendar.) 

4.  A  man  working  at  $10  a  week  loses  one-half  of 
one  day  and  two  hours  another  day.  What  will  he  receive, 
after  counting  out  his  lost  time? 

5.  A  man  working  at  $25  per  month,  begins  March 
15  and  works  till  August  12,  losing  9  days  during  that  time. 
He  has  drawn  at  different  times  $47.  How  much  is  coming 
to  him? 

6.  A  man  in  town  is  getting  $1.75  a  day  and  has  to 
pay  $4  a  week  board.  Another  man  is  working  on  a  farm 
at  $30  a  month  and  board.  Which  is  really  the  bigger  pay? 
How  much? 

7.  Which  is^  the  bigger  net  pay — $30  a  month  and 
board,  or  $10  a  week  and  pay  $3.50  a  week  board? 

8.  An  acre  contains  160  square  rods,  or  4,356  square 
feet.  Corn  is  ordinarily  planted  3  feet,  6  inches,  each  J  way. 
How  many  hills  to  an  acre? 

9.  If  a  man  is  hired  to  cut  up  corn  at  10  cents  a 
shock,  14  hills  square,  how  much  is  this  an  acre?  How 
much  an  acre  if  the  shocks  are  1 6  hills  square? 

10.  If  a  man  is  paid  3  cents  per  bushel  for  husking 
corn,  what  will  he  earn  for  the  week  if  his  loads  run  as  fol- 
lows, allowing  1 200  pounds  out  for  the  weight  of  the  wagon 
each  time:  Gross  weights  of  loads — 3650,  3630,  3700, 
3760,  3750,  3710,  3420,  2910,3400,  3450,  3510.  3580? 

1 1 .  Have  each  pupil  bring  to  school  the  actual  figures 
on  a  settlement  for  farm  labor,  and  have  the  class  work  it 
out 


20  FARM         ARITHMETTC 


Farm   Drainage 

1.  A  40-acre  piece  of  low  land  (a  quarter  of  a  mile 
across)  is  3  feet,  4  inches,  higher  at  one  side  than  the  other. 
How  much  fall  will  this  be  to  the  rod? 

2.  If  the  tile  cost  $20  per  1000,  each  tile  being  a  foot 
long-,  and  the  laying  of  them  costs  25  cents  per  rod,  what 
will  it  cost  to  lay  four  strings  of  tile  across  this  40  acres? 

3.  How  much  will  this  amount  to  per  acre? 

4.  If  it  increases  the  yield  of  corn  on  this  land  an 
average  of  5  bushels  per  year  for  ten  years,  what  will  this 
increase  of  corn  be  worth  at  40  cents  per  bushel?  How 
much  on  the  whole  40  acres? 

5.  What  will  be  the  net  gain  per  acre  over  the  cost  of 
tiling?    What  will  be  the  net  gain  on  the  whole  40  acres? 

6.  A  40-acre  field  is  a  quarter  of  a  mile  (80  rods) 
each  way.  How  many  rods  of  tile  will  it  take  to  run  diag- 
onally across  it,  coming  in  at  one  corner  and  out  at  the  other 
corner?    Draw  a  diagram  of  this. 

7.  Measure  the  distance  across  the  school  ground  the 
long  way  and  estimate  the  number  of  tile  it  would  take  to 
lay  one  string  of  tiling  across  it.  How  much  would  it  cost, 
reckoning  the  tile  at  $20  per  1000  and  the  laying  at  25 
cents  per  rod? 

8.  The  very  wettest  of  land  can  be  thoroughly  drained 
(if  a  proper  outlet  can  be  had)  by  laying  lines  of  tiling  three 
rods  apart.  To  drain  a  field  20  rods  wide  and  80  rods  long 
in  this  way,  running  the  tile  the  long  way  of  the  field,  how 
much  tile  will  be  required,  and  what  would  it  cost?  Draw 
diagram. 

9.  The  gain  in  yield  from  tiling  would  be  at  least  10 
bushels  of  corn  per  acre,  or  its  equivalent  in  other  crops.  If 
the  tiling  lasted  for  30  years,  what  would  be  the  total  gain? 
What  would  bs  the  net  gain? 


%r. 


HANDY  FAKM  MEASURES 

1.  A  bushel  of  small  grain  or  shelled  corn  is  1^  cubic 
feet.  To  find  the  capacity  of  a  bin,  multiply  the  length, 
breadth,  and  depth,  together  (in  feet)   and  take  4-5  of  it. 

2-  A  bushel  of  ear  corn  is  2^  cubic  feet.  To  find  the 
capacity  of  a  crib  in  bushels,  multiply  the  length,  breadth, 
and  depth,  together  (in  feet) ,  and  take  2-5  of  it. 

3.  A  bushel  of  apples  or  potatoes  is  1  1-3  cubic  feet. 
To  find  the  bushels,  take  3-4  of  the  cubic  feet. 

4.  The  area  of  a  circle  is  about  3-4  that  of  a  square  of 
the  same  diameter.  The  exact  fraction  is  .7854.  So  to  find 
the  area  of  a  circle,  multiply  the  diameter  by  itself,  and  mul- 
tiply the  result  by  .7854,  which'.is  the  same  as  taking  a  little 
over  3-4  of  it. 

5.  The  circumferance  (distance  around)  of  a  circle  is 
a  little  more  three  times  the  diameter.  The  exact  fraction 
is  3.1416. 

6.  To  find  the  contents  of  a  pointed  heap  of  corn,  find 
the  area  of  the  bottom  of  the  pile  in  square  feet,  and  multi- 
ply that  by  half  the  height  of  the  highest  point.  This  will 
give  you  the  cubic  feet,  which  can  be  reduced  to  bushels. 
To  find  the  contents  of  a  circular  crib  af  corn,  find  the  area 
of  the  circular  base,  and  multiply  that  by  the  height.  This 
will  give  the  cubic  feet. 

7.  A  ton  of  tame  hay  will  about  equal  a  space  8x8x8 
feet.     Wild  hay,  7x7x7  feet. 

8.  A  barrel  of  water  is  about  4  cubic  feet. 

9.  A  cubic  foot  of  water  weighs  62|  pounds. 

10.  An  acre  is  160  square  rods;  43,560  square  feet; 
4840  square  yards. 

11.  The  board  foot  used  in  reckoning  lumber  is  a 
square  foot  an  inch  thick. 

12.  A  gallon  is  a  trifle  over  1-8  of  a  cubic  foot.  To 
find  the  capacity  of  a  tank,  estimate  the  contents  in  cubic 
feet,  and  multiply  by  8  for  the  number  of  gallons,  and  divide 
by  4  for  the  number  of  barrels.  This  will  be  very  nearly 
correct. 

13.  To  find  the  number  of  pounds  of  butter  fat  in  milk. 
Take  the  test  per  cent  of  the  number  of  pounds  of  milk. 
For  instance,  if  milk  tests  4  per  cent,  50  pounds  of  milk 
will  contain  2  pounds  of  butter  fat. 


2-2.2-9" 


This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below 


NOV  1  0  1931 


Form  L-9-10m-5,'28 


-Inr.l  llros. 


A    000  933  210    7 


m 
m 

III 


life:- 


■'iji|i;i!.;;: 


